The Concept of Failed State, New War and New Terrorism Essay

The Concept of Failed State, New War and New Terrorism - Essay Example "Nation-states exist to deliver political goods-security, education, health services, economic opportunity, environmental surveillance, a legal framework of order and a judicial system to administer it, and fundamental infrastructural requirements such as roads and communications facilities to their citizens. Failed states honor these obligations in the breach. They increasingly forfeit their function as providers of political goods to warlords and other non-state actors. In other words, a failed state is no longer able or willing to perform the job of a nation-state in the modern world".( ) This means that a failed state is characterized by certain indicators like non-existent safety and security for citizens, crumbling health care, education, infrastructure, and economy. This sort of situation can give rise to "emerging anarchy" where : "Failed states" can be viewed as a problem of "emerging anarchy" where organized groups that lack many of the attributes of statehood must pay attention to the primary problem of their own security. In a state of emerging anarchy, or whenever the internal balance of power shifts, questions of control become pre-eminent. This strategic environment can cause hostile groups to fear extinction and yield to mob violence. In a failed state where the lack of a central agency to provide law and order gives rise to warring factions struggling to fill the power vacuum, state failure is involved in a vicious circle with the outcomes of "new war". The term "new war" took on a new meaning after the events of September 11, but in fact, the term had already been coined in the 1990s by Mary Kaldor, who went on to explain her theory in magazines like The nation in November 2001: These new wars have to be understood in the context of globalization. They involve transnational networks, based on political claims in the name of religion or ethnicity, through which ideas, money, arms, and mercenaries are organized.....In the new wars, the goal is not military victory; it is political mobilization. Whereas in old-fashioned wars, people were mobilized to participate in the war effort, in the new wars, mobilizing people is the aim of the war effort, to expand the networks of extremism. In the new wars, battles are rare and violence is directed against civilians. The strategy is to gain political power through sowing fear and hatred, to create a climate of terror, to eliminate moderate voices and to defeat tolerance. And the goal is to obtain economic power as well.

Kitchen design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kitchen design - Essay Example There are some types of kitchens, such as, contemporary style kitchens, in which a small dining table is placed inside a kitchen. All of these functions need special attention when designing a new kitchen for a house. In this paper, we will discuss some of the major kitchen designs in order to get an understanding of the advantages, disadvantages, uses, and other points related to them. â€Å"There are as many kitchen design styles today as there are kitchens, since designs may be eclectic or highly customized by combining different looks† (Cyprus n.d.). Some of the major kitchen designs include one-way gallery, two-way gallery, L-style, and U-style. All of these kitchens are different in their designs and appearance. The area covered by each of the kitchen designs also vary from each style to another style. Let us discuss all of these designs of kitchens in some detail. A one-way kitchen is usually the smallest of all kitchens as far as area is concerned. However, it serves all of the three major functions of a kitchen, which include preparation, cooking, and storage. One of the main features of this kitchen design is that the major functions are set to function along a single wall. No other wall of the kitchen serves main functions of a kitchen. For example, the refrigerator, the stove or oven, and the sink are all placed at one side of the kitchen. There are usually some cabinets that are placed at the upper side of the wall. This is a good arrangement of a kitchen’s major functions if the area is small and one likes to have a beautiful kitchen even in that small area. Such kitchens are ideal for condominiums and small apartments where there is short space and minimal cooking. Even in single-family homes, such kitchens serve well for the residents. A two-way kitchen is usually bigger in area as compared to one-way kitchens. One of the main features of this kitchen design is that two walls perform the main functions of the kitchen. The